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As the next-generation display technology, OLED's self-luminous, low-power, and flexible characteristics make it more likely to be used in the 5G era, and the expansion of upstream panel makers is driving the industry to crack capacity bottlenecks or lead OLEDs. Enter the "Golden Decade".
OLED capacity expansion accelerates
Samsung Electronics and LG Display, the two major panel makers in the world, are stepping up their production capacity of LCD (liquid crystal) panels and converting OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) panels on a large scale.
On August 29th, LG Display announced that the 8.5-generation OLED panel production line in the Guangzhou High-tech Industrial Development Zone was officially put into operation. This is the third production line established by LG Display in Guangzhou in 2006 after the construction of the module factory and the construction of the LCD panel factory in 2012. It is also the first large-size OLED panel production line built outside Korea.

According to reports, LG Display's Guangzhou OLED panel factory project has a total investment of 46 billion yuan, mainly producing 4K ultra-high-definition 55-inch, 65-inch, 77-inch and other large-size TV OLED panels, with an initial capacity of 60,000 glass substrates per month. .
LG Display CEO Han Xiangfan said that Guangzhou OLED panel factory will set up OLED industry structure together with South Korea's Paju OLED factory. Its completion and production fully demonstrates LG Display's emphasis on the Chinese market, and actively accelerates the layout of China's OLED industry chain and promotes high-end display. The determination of industrial development.
 

History of refrigerator

How was the refrigerator that was essential to our lives born? I will briefly introduce the history.

Originally it was a tool to cool using ice

In 1803, Thomas Moore of the United States created "a tool for refrigeration using ice" and named it "refrigerator".

Later, when the electric refrigerator is generalized, the name "refrigerator" will be inherited, leading to the present.

The refrigerator manufactured and sold by Kervineta in the United States in 1918 is said to be the prototype of a widely used household refrigerator.

The refrigerator manufactured and sold by Kervineta in the United States in 1918 is said to be the prototype oBirth of domestic refrigerator No. 1 in 1930

Even in Japan, a refrigerator that uses conventional ice was common.

In 1930, Shibaura Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (now Toshiba) manufactured and sold the first domestic domestic refrigerator, SS-1200.

Standard price 720 yen. At that time, it was the price that one small house could be built, and the purchasers were very limited, such as upper class or luxury restaurants.

From high-growth era dream products to household necessities

In the late 1950s, the spread to general homes progressed rapidly and, together with black-and-white TVs and washing machines, it was called "three kinds of jinki" and became popular.

In the 1960s, frozen foods were actively developed, and refrigerators with freezers were put on the market according to demand. In 1969, a two-door type in which a refrigerator and a freezer were separated appeared, and this type can be seen even now.

In 1973, a three-door refrigerator with a separate vegetable storage room was launched. In addition, the fourth Middle East War broke out in the same year. "Energy saving", which manufacturers recommend energy saving due to the oil crisis, is also attracting attention from around this time.

In 1975, the penetration rate of refrigerators became almost 100%, and one era has reached the age of one.

Sponsoring

Sponsoringf a widely usedrefrigerator

Source: Free encyclopedia "Wikipedia (Wikipedia)"

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Open the household electric refrigerator

A refrigerator (English: Refrigerator) [1] is a product intended to store articles such as food at low temperature. Nowadays, it often refers to an electric refrigerator that uses electric energy for cooling. household refrigerator.

Outline

An electric refrigerator is an electrical facility facility or an electrical product intended to store articles such as food at low temperatures. Those that use ice are sometimes called "cooler storage", "refrigerated boxes", etc.

In general, it is used at about 4-10 C. for the purpose of not freezing water at 0 C. or higher. What is intended to freeze at 0 C or lower is called a freezer, and a product that combines both functions may be called a refrigerator-freezer.

Refrigerator as a home appliance

As for the structure, a refrigerator, which is a type of heat pump, is basically attached to a box that holds the contents, and the heat in the storage is dissipated to the outside, and a heat insulating material is used for the wall separating the interior and the exterior. It is blocking movement. A door is also provided for loading and unloading articles. In addition, in order to make the contents easy to see, a mode in which illumination is provided inside is also common.

As a result, the refrigerator cools the inside of the refrigerator,

As for the structure, a refrigerator, which is a type of heat pump, is basically attached to a box that holds the contents, and the heat in the storage is dissipated to the outside, and a heat insulating material is used for the wall separating the interior and the exterior. It is blocking movement. A door is also provided for loading and unloading articles. In addition, in order to make the contents easy to see, a mode in which illumination is provided inside is also common.

As a result of cooling the inside of the refrigerator, the moisture in the air inside the refrigerator condenses on the cooled portion, resulting in frost. Since the frost is periodically melted and discharged to the outside of the storage room, the humidity in the storage decreases and it dries. When sashimi or meat is stored, a wrap film is used so as not to dry. In order to suppress the decrease in humidity, the vegetable room for containing vegetables whose dried state is not desirable is configured to be indirectly cooled from the outside of the cabinet. In large kitchens and the like for business use, a constant temperature and high humidity storage may be set in a low temperature state instead of a normal refrigerator in order to prevent the food from being dried.

The smell of raw materials etc.

For household use, one that has a refrigerator and freezer (and related functions) integrated in an all-in-one form is the mainstream, but in the specialized fields as described later, the inside of the cabinet is set In some cases, additional functions may be provided in line with the purpose, such as a single-function product kept at a constant temperature (various ranges thereof) and a function of a showcase for displaying goods.

The color of the housing of the household electric refrigerator is often white, and it is also the reason why it is called "white goods". Since the 2000s, in addition to white, products of various colors have come to be marketed from the pursuit of interior character, etc., and there are also companies that apply paint to refrigerators [3].

Refrigerator advertisement (1926)

Refrigerator other than household appliances

In familiar examples, such as refrigerated showcases such as retailers, and a huge refrigerator or freezer that uses the entire room in the backyard, etc., in many developing countries, especially in developed countries, retail stage Refrigerators and freezers are used in various ways, including distribution and production facilities for fresh food and processed food.

The refrigerated car for carrying products that require cooling, such as seafood and fresh foods such as milk, has a mechanism similar to a refrigerator and has a structure that can cool the inside of the bed. In addition, courier services such as "cool flight" and "chilled flight" use a vehicle equipped with a refrigerator and a freezer inside. There is also a cooler-box-type mini-refrigerator that can be used with a DC 12V power supply for passenger cars.

Prefab refrigerator for business use.

Principle of cooling

Refer to "Refrigerator" for details

Two cooling methods have been used for a long time, utilizing the phenomenon that the temperature of the object is lowered by vaporization. In addition to this, in recent years, a system utilizing the Peltier effect by a semiconductor instead of vaporization has also been put to practical use and used in small applications. Evaporative compression type

Capacitor

Expansion valve

Evaporator

compressor

The refrigerant is circulated in a closed pipe using compression. It is called a compression type from here. For household use, it is common to use an electrically operated compressor for compression. Therefore, although there are many electric refrigerators when it comes to a refrigerator, there is also a type that uses gas pressure for compression. In addition, some have used an ejector instead of an expansion valve to increCondenser (dissipator, condenser): The refrigerant stores heat in a high pressure gas state, and returns to liquid by radiating heat. (liquid)

Expansion valve (expansion valve): A thin pipe suddenly reduces its pressure by reducing its thickness to a boiling point. (Liquid, low pressure liquid)

Evaporator (evaporator, vaporizer): A liquid whose boiling point is lowered removes the heat of vaporization from the surroundings and evaporates (vaporizes). (Cooling by vaporization: liquid turns into gas → cooling occurs) (this part is placed in the refrigerator)

Compressor (compressor): Gas.ase the efficiency (ejector cycle).

CFC was used as a refrigerant, but it has been shifted to isobutane etc. after CFC ban. However, isobutane is not a completely new refrigerant and has been used before CFC. Although CFCs were perfect for refrigerant applications, their use in consideration of environmental impact is prohibited. In recent years, ammonia, which is excellent in efficiency, has attracted attention again, but since it is dangerous if it leaks, it is equipped with a sensor, an alarm, etc. and used in a freezer warehouse etc., but it is not adopted for home use.

Vaporization absorption type

Use a liquid for the circulation of the refrigerant. The liquid moves the refrigerant by absorbing (adsorbing) the refrigerant and circulating it. This liquid is called an absorbing liquid, and hence is called an absorbing type. The fluid is circulated by heating. For this purpose, a heat source is used, and there are a gas refrigerator using a gas burner as the generator and an electric refrigerator using an electric heater. In this absorption type, a two-way type such as a gas / electric alternating current 100 V switching system and a three-way type such as a gas / electric alternating current 100 V / direct current 12 V switching system are generally used. It is superior in quietness to a compression type that requires a compressor, and is often used for medical treatment (for hospitals, etc.), hotels, and leisure because the power source does not have to be electricity.

The refrigerant circulates in the closed pipe.

Absorber

Generator (Regenerator, Generator, Boiler)

Separator rectification device rectifier

Condenser (dissipator condenser)

Performs evaporator cooling

In the absorber, an aqueous ammonia solution in which water absorbs ammonia is prepared. In the generator (boiler), the aqueous ammonia solution is heated. Because it has a lower boiling point than water, ammonia gasifies from the solution and forms a foam. Ammonia gas is separated from water in the separator. Water is returned to the absorber. In the radiator, ammonia that has become gas releases heat and becomes liquid. The ammonia solution whose concentration has increased in the evaporator is depressurized and vaporized. Cooling occurs. In the absorber, water absorbs the ammonia returned through another path to form an aqueous ammonia solution.

Sweden-based Domestic (Separate from Electrolux (2001)) is a leading manufacturer of refrigerators specializing in this type of cooling. Domestic company expresses it as absorption type and absorption system.

Ammonia that was once used as a refrigerant in the vaporization and compression type was anhydrous ammonia (AnhydrThe ammonia used as the refrigerant in the mold is an aqueous ammonia solution (Aqua Ammonia).

Stirling refrigerator

Refer to "Stirling Refrigerator" for details

A temperature difference is generated by rotating the Stirling engine with external power. It was used to cool the optical sensors of Earth Observation Satellite 1 satellite. It is also used to cool infrared imaging devices and superconducting magnets.